IoT Core Modules
Chapter
5
If you want to learn about the Internet of Things,
it is important to understand its core modules.
IoT network is made of various different
devices connected together via various dierent
protocols. There are various elements in each
network and these elements can be considered as
modules. Let’s explore these modules in detail to
understand their roles in forming IoT.
Some of the core IoT modules are described
below.
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
• Understand core IoT modules that you will work on
• Various protocols such as infrastructure, communication/
transportation, discovery, and data protocol
• Various sensors such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and water
• Various endpoints and endpoint models
• Various data communication design frameworks such as device to
device and device to cloud; and
• IoT data management
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Endpoints
Sensors
Protocols
Data
Communication
Data
Management
Analytics
IoT
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Protocols: Protocol can be defined as an ocial rule or procedure to carry out a particular activ-
ity. In IoT world, there are various elements connected together and hence they need a way to
communicate with each other.
Sensors: These are devices that sense their intended environment. For example, temperature
sensor is made to sense the temperature environment.
Endpoints: An endpoint is a physical device that is used to execute a task or function as a compo-
nent of an IoT solution. For instance, an endpoint can be a personal drone unit, an automotive
telematics unit, an industrial control system, or a wearable fitness device.
Data Communication: Data is what get communicated between various devices in IoT. Data
communication plays an important role as without this all these devices cannot connect with
each other and hence do not form IoT.
Data Management: This module enables managing data that is traversing IoT network. It is
important to manage this data properly for the healthy implementation of IoT.
Analytics: What is the use of managing data if we cannot use it for improvements and future
decision-makings? Analytics enable us to make use of the data appropriately.
In a large scale, IoT can be considered as a network of network as many standalone networks
connect with other networks. See the following image to understand this better.
Cellular network
LTE, LTE-A
WLAN
Wi-Fi
WPAN
Bluetooth
WPAN
6LowPAN
WPAN
ZigBee
ZigBee
IoT Network
106 Internet of Things
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