1. Michael Bartlett, “Numerica Topples Silos for Transparent Communication,” Credit Union Journal, November 25, 2013, Business Insights: Global, http://bi.galegroup.com; Frank J. Diekmann, “CU Journal’s Annual Best Practices Awards Help CUs Be Successful,” Credit Union Journal, November 25, 2013, EBSCOhost, http://web.b.ebscohost.com; Numerica Credit Union, “Career Opportunities,” https://www.numericacu.com, accessed April 10, 2014; Numerica Credit Union, “About Us,” https://www.numericacu.com, accessed April 11, 2014.

2. For an article illustrating the role of groups in Web projects, see: J. C. Fagan and J. A. Keach, “Managing Web Projects in Academic Libraries,” Library Leadership & Management (Online) 25, no. 3 (2011): 1C–23C, 1CA–8CA.

3. Edgar H. Schein, Organizational Psychology (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1965), 67; for additional thoughts by Schein, see: J. G. Joos and D. A. Wren, “In His Own Words: A Conversation with Edgar Schein,” Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship 15, no. 2 (2010): 112–120.

4. Dorwin Cartwright and Ronald Lippitt, “Group Dynamics and the Individual,” International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 7 (January 1957): 86–102. For results of a qualitative group dynamics study, see: Hossan Chowdhury, Christopher Dixon, and David Brown, “Impact of Group Dynamics on eservice Implementation: A Qualitative Analysis of Australian Public Sector Organisational Change,” Journal of Organizational Change Management26, no. 5 (2013): 853–873.

5. For insights into how to be more persuasive in dealing with people in groups, see: “MIT Sloan Professor’s Research Identifies Top Persuasive Words in Meetings,” Business Wire [New York] (June 20, 2013).

6. Edgar H. Schein, Organizational Psychology, 2nd ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1970), 182. For more discussion of Schein’s work as it relates to groups and organization culture, see: Anthony J. Evans, “Balancing Corporate Culture: Grid-Group and Austrian Economics,” Review of Austrian Economics26, no. 3(September 2013): 297–309.

7. For information on the role of gender in task groups, see: S. Hysom and C. Johnson, “Leadership Structures in Same-Sex Task Groups,” Sociological Perspectives 49 (2006): 391–410.

8. For a study exploring diversity and task group processes, see: Warren E. Watson, Lynn Johnson, and Deanna Meritt, “Team Orientation, Self-Orientation, and Diversity in Task Groups,” Group & Organization Management 23, no. 2 (June 1998): 161–188.

9. To understand further the possible duties of a committee, see: Stephanie Balzer, “Committee to Study $500M Civic Plaza Expansion,” Business Journal 21, no. 39 (June 22, 2001): 7.

10. Paul Ziobro, “Red Robin Forming Committee to Find New CEO,” Wall Street Journal, March 5, 2010, http://online.wsj.com.

11. Cyril O’Donnell, “Group Rules for Using Committees,” Management Review 50 (October 1961): 63–67. For hints on how to run a successful committee, see: Emily Davis, “Tips for a Successful Fundraising Committee,” Nonprofit World31, no. 6 (November/December 2013): 6–7.

12. These and other guidelines are discussed in “Applying Small-Group Behavior Dynamics to Improve Action-Team Performance,” Employment Relations Today (Autumn 1991): 343–353.

13. For an analysis of the symptoms associated with groupthink, see: D. Henningsen, M. Henningsen, J. Eden, and M. Cruz, “Examining the Symptoms of Groupthink and Retrospective Sensemaking,” Small Group Research 37 (2006): 36–64.

14. Robert McMurry, “The Tyranny of Groupthink,” Harvard Business Review 81 (2003): 120.

15. See: Irving L. Janis, Groupthink (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982). For insights on how to avoid groupthink, see: Peter Kay, “Group Think,” Philadelphia Business Journal (July 2–8, 1999): 11.

16. Rob Cross, Robert J. Thomas, and David A. Light, “How ‘Who You Know’ Affects What You Decide,” Sloan Review, January 9, 2009, http://sloanreview.mit.edu.

17. For further information about independent work teams, see: K. Roper and D. Phillips, “Integrating Self-Managed Work Teams into Project Management,” Journal of Facilities Management 5 (2007): 22–36.

18. For suggestions on how to create a team, see: “Teamwork Translates into High Performance,” HR Focus 75, no. 7 (July 1998): 7; see also: Sheila Webber and Richard Klimoski, “Crews: A Distinct Type of Work Team,” Journal of Business and Psychology 18 (2004): 261.

19. Bernard Bass, Organizational Psychology (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1965), 197–198.

20. Peter Economy, “Five Ways to Build an Extraordinary Team Culture,” Inc., October 18, 2013, http://www.inc.com; Michael A. Olguin, “Build a Winning Team Dynamic,” Inc., February 5, 2013, http://www.inc.com; Robert Sutton, “How to Scale Up Your Team to Greatness,” Fortune, April 10, 2014, http://management.fortune.cnn.com; Katherine Reynolds Lewis, “How to Lead a Team When You’re Not the Boss,” Fortune, April 10, 2014, http://money.cnn.com.

21. Raef T. Hussein, “Informal Groups, Leadership, and Productivity,” Leadership and Organization Development Journal 10 (1989): 9–16.

22. Richard McDermott and Douglas Archibald, “Harnessing Your Staff’s Informal Networks,” Harvard Business Review, March 2010, http://hbr.org.

23. Keith Davis and John W. Newstrom, Human Behavior at Work: Organizational Behavior (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985), 310–312.

24. For the importance of determining such information, see: Dave Day, “New Supervisors and the Informal Group,” Supervisory Management 34 (May 1989): 31–33.

25. George Homans, The Human Group. (Routledge Publishing: New York, New York) 1968. For a study exploring the value of informal groups in organizations, see: R. Gulatiand and P. Puranam, “Renewal Through Reorganization: The Value of Inconsistencies Between Formal and Informal Organization,” Organization Science 20, no. 2 (2009): 422–440, 478–479.

26. For information regarding the role of culture in workplace teams, see: M. Uday-Riley, “Eight Critical Steps to Improve Workplace Performance with Cross-Cultural Teams,” Performance Improvement 45 (2006): 28.

27. William G. Dyer, Teambuilding: Issues and Alternatives (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1987), 4. See also: Dawn R. Deeter-Schmelz and Rosemary Ramsey, “A Conceptualization of the Functions and Roles of Formalized Selling and Buying Teams,” Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management (Spring 1995): 47–60.

28. Nancy Mann Jackson, “Team-Building with a Purpose,” Entrepreneur, April 17, 2009, http://www.entrepreneur.com.

29. For an interesting discussion of the role that planning plays in the relationship between team goal orientation and performance, see: Anju Mehta, Hubert Feild, Achilles Armenakis, and Nikhil Mehta, “Team Goal Orientation and Team Performance: The Mediating Role of Team Planning,” Journal of Management 35, no. 4 (August 2009): 1026–1046.

30. For a recent article describing effective team problem-solving techniques, see: V. Tran and H. Latapie, “Developing Virtual Team Problem-Solving and Learning Capability Using the Case Method,” Business Review, Cambridge 8 (2007): 27–33.

31. J. H. Shonk, Team-Based Organizations (Homewood, IL: Irwin, 1922).

32. Linda M. Goldenhar, Patrick W. Brady, Kathleen M. Sutcliffe, and Stephen E. Muething, “Huddling for High Reliability and Situation Awareness,” BMJ Quality and Safety 22, no. 11 (2013); abstract available at http://qualitysafety.bmj.com.

33. Robert L. Cooper and James Y. Lee, “Using Huddles to Enhance Patient Experience,” Healthcare Executive (November/December 2013): 48–50; “Lawrence Hospital Center,” U.S. News Best Hospitals, http://health.usnews.com, last updated July 2013; R. L. Cooper Associates, “The Organizational Huddle,” http://www.rlcooperassoc.com, accessed April 10, 2014.

34. For a study exploring the relationship between leadership and self-managed teams, see: Vanessa Urch Druskat and Jane Wheeler, “Managing from the Boundary: The Effective Leadership of Self-Managing Work Teams,” Academy of Management Journal 46 (2003): 435.

35. Jack L. Lederer and Carl R. Weinberg, “Equity-Based Pay: The Compensation Paradigm for the Re-Engineered Corporation,” Chief Executive (April 1995): 36–39.

36. Kevin R. Zuidema and Brian H. Kleiner, “Self-Directed Work Groups Gain Popularity,” Business Credit (October 1994): 21–26.

37. For a different perspective on the value of teams in inspiring collective behavior, see: Michael J. Mauboussin, “When Individuals Don’t Matter,” Harvard Business Review, October 2009, http://www.hbr.org.

38. Sami M. Abbasi and Kenneth W. Hollman, “Self-Managed Teams: The Productivity Breakthrough of the 1990s,” Journal of Managerial Psychology 9 (1994): 25–30.

39. For further information about the components of an effective cross-functional team, see: Yvonne Athanasaw, “Team Characteristics and Team Member Knowledge, Skills, and Ability Relationships to the Effectiveness of Cross-Functional Teams in the Public Sector,” International Journal of Public Administration 26 (2003): 1167.

40. For a recent article describing the role of positive feedback in cross-functional teams, see: H. Peelle, “Appreciative Inquiry and Creative Problem Solving in Cross-Functional Teams,” Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 42 (2006): 447–467.

41. For more information on cross-functional teams, see: D. Michael, D. Hutt, Beth A. Walker, and Gary L. Frankwick, “Hurdle the Cross-Functional Barriers to Strategic Change,” Sloan Management Review (Spring 1995): 22–30; John Teresko, “Reinventing the Future,” Industry Week (April 17, 1995): 32–38; Margaret L. Gagne and Richard Discenza, “Target Costing,” Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 10 (1995): 16–22.

42. Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, “Stages of Small Group Development Revisited,” Group and Organizational Studies 2 (1977): 419–427.

43. For an empirical analysis of how to effectively develop a team, see: E. Chong, “Role Balance and Team Development: A Study of Team Role Characteristics Underlying High and Low Performing Teams,” Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management 8 (2007): 202–217.

44. For further information on team effectiveness and leadership, see: S. Baker and D. Gerlowski, “Team Effectiveness and Leader-Follower Agreement: An Empirical Study,” Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge 12 (2007): 15–23.

45. Hans J. Thamhain, “Managing Technologically Innovative Team Efforts Toward New Product Success,” Journal of Product Innovation Management (March 1990): 5–18.

46. Kurt T. Dirks and Daniel P. Skarlicki, “The Relationship Between Being Perceived as Trustworthy by Coworkers and Individual Performance,” Journal of Management 35, no. 1 (February 2009): 136–157.

47. For insights about motivation and teams, see: Gerben van der Vegt, Ben Emans, and Evert van de Vliert, “Motivating Effects of Task and Outcome Independence in Work,” Group & Organization Management 23, no. 2 (June 1998): 124–143.

48. Jerre L. Stead, “People Power: The Engine in Reengineering,” Executive Speeches (April/May 1995): 28–32.

49. Liz Wiseman and Greg McKeown, “Bringing Out the Best in Your People,” Harvard Business Review (May 2010): 117–121.

50. Shardul Phadnis and Chris Caplice, “Global Virtual Teams: How Are They Performing?” Supply Chain Management Review (July/August 2013): 8–9; Betsy Medvedovsky, “Fast Fusion,” PM Network (July 2013): 24–25; Maureen Bridget Rabotin, “The Intricate Web Connecting Virtual Teams,” T + D (April 2014): 32–35.

51. Company website, http://www.burberryplc.com, accessed June 24, 2010; Peter Gumbel, “Burberry’s New Boss Doesn’t Wear Plaid,” Fortune (October 15, 2007): 124–130.

52. For information on building trust in the context of teams, see: P. Greenberg, R. Greenberg, and Y. Antonucci, “Creating and Sustaining Trust in Virtual Teams,” Business Horizons 50 (2007): 325.

53. Fernando Bartolome, “Nobody Trusts the Boss Completely—Now What?” Harvard Business Review (March/April 1989): 114–131.

54. Geoff Colvin, “Great Job!” Fortune, August 12, 2013, EBSCOhost, http://web.b.ebscohost.com.

55. Geoff Colvin, “Great Job!” Fortune, August 12, 2013, EBSCOhost, http://web.b.ebscohost.com; Yum Brands, “About Yum Brands,” http://www.yum.com/company, accessed April 10, 2014; Ladan Nikravan, “A Taste for Growth,” Chief Learning Officer (December 2013): 34–35.

56. This exercise is from www.teambuildingportal.com.

57. Susan Berfield, “Bridging the Generation Gap: Employment Agency Randstad Teams Newbies with Older Staff to Great Effect,” BusinessWeek (September 17, 2007): 60.

58. Information for this exercise is based upon www.floridahospital.com.