Sales forecasts, 117

• evaluating, 120

• types of, 118–120, 121f

Salesforce estimation method, 119

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 42

Scalar relationships, 182

Scheduling

• Gantt charts, 121–122, 450

• program evaluation and review technique (PERT), 122–123

• scientific management and, 449–450

Scientific management

• job design, 447

• motion-study techniques, 448–449

• task measurement, 449–450

• workforce management, 447

Selection

• assessment centers, 227

• process, 226f

• testing, 226–227

• training programs, 227–231

Self-managed teams, 354

Serial transmissions, 279–280

Servant leadership, 306–307

Service industries, productivity, 62

Sexual harassment, 59

Shared vision, 459

Short term/long term orientation, 93

Silent Generation, 57

Single-use plans, 108

• budget, 110

• model, 109f

• programs, 110

Situational approach to leadership, 294, 310

• contingency theory, 296–298

• decision-focused theory, 299–302

• decision-making, 299

• life cycle theory, 295–296

• path-goal theory, 298–299

• Vroom-Yetton-Jago (VYJ) model, 302–303

Slogans, 380f

Social audits, 32

• community area, 33

• environmental footprint, 32

• responsible buying area, 33

• wellness area, 33

Social diversity, promoting, 53

Social entrepreneurship

• capital sources, 477

• defined, 475

• funding, 476

• mission, 476

• performance measures, 477

• public acceptance, 477

• social networks, 477

• social value, 475

Social media, 236, 404

Social network analysis, 448

Social networks, 153, 269, 477

Social responsibility. See Corporate social responsibility

Social responsiveness, 29–30

Social values, 157, 475

Sociograms, 351

Sociometric analysis, 350–351

• sociograms, 351

Span of management

• complexity of functions, 182

• coordination, 182

• factors influencing, 183t

• geographic contiguity, 182

• Graicuna’s formula, 183

• planning, 182–183

• similarity of functions, 182

Spirituality dimension of organization culture, 377

Stability, 165

Staff authority, 204

Staff personnel

• advisory/counseling role, 204

• control role, 205

• service role, 204–205

Stakeholders

• ethical management practices, 39

• social obligations to, 29–30, 34

Standards, 393

• employee attitudes, 395

• goals, 395

• market position, 394

• product leadership, 394

• productivity, 394

• profitability, 394

• social responsibility, 395

Standing plans

• model, 110f

• personnel development, 395

• policies, 108–109

• procedures, 109

• rules, 110

Starbucks Global Responsibility Report, 32

Statistical quality control, 420

Stereotypes, 58–59

Store-level distribution resource planning (DRP), 106

Strategic business units (SBUs), 162

Strategic control, 166

Strategic management

• competitive dynamics, 167–168

• environmental analysis, 155–158

• industry environment, 158–159

• organizational mission, 159–160

• process, 155

• strategic control, 166

• strategy formulation, 160–165

• strategy implementation, 165–166

• tactical planning, 166–167

Strategic planning

• challenge case, 153, 169

• competitive dynamics, 167–168

• decisions, 400

• defined, 154

• quality improvement, 419

• strategic control, 166

• strategy formulation, 160–165

• strategy implementation, 165–166

• tactical planning, 166–167, 167t

Strategic renewal, 475

Strategic workforce planning (SWP), 157

Strategy formulation, 154, 421

• BCG Growth-Share Matrix, 163

• business portfolio analysis, 161–164

• cost leadership, 164

• critical question analysis, 160–161, 164

• differentiation, 164

• divestiture, 165

• focus, 164

• GE Multifactor Portfolio Matrix, 163

• growth, 164

• Porter’s Model, 164

• retrenchment, 165

• stability, 165

• strategic control, 166

• SWOT analysis, 161, 164

• tactical planning, 166–167

• types of, 164

Strategy implementation, 165–166

Stress

• defined, 249–250

• managing, 250–251

• organizational change and, 249

• programs for, 252

• worker performance, 250f, 251

Stressors, 251

• bullying, 252

Structural change, 245

Structure, 181

Structure behavior, 292

Subordinate-centered leaders, 300

Succession planning, 224

Superhubs, 416

Supportive behavior, 298

Sustainability, 25

• achieving, 36–37

• defined, 34

• innovation, 35–36

• measuring, 44

• productivity, 35

• profit, 35

Sustainable organizations, 34, 45–46

• advantages of, 35–36

• goal-setting, 36–37

• recruiting and hiring, 37

• rewarding employees, 37

• successful, 36

• tracking progress, 37

Sustained regeneration, 475

SWOT analysis, 161, 169, 172

Symbols, 380

System approach to management, 456

Systems, 421

• closed, 456

• management, 456–457

• open, 456–457

• wholeness, 456

Systems thinking, 458