Fayol’s guidelines, 177f

Feasibility analysis, 471

Feedback

• behavior modification, 332

• verbal/nonverbal, 275

The Fifth Discipline (Senge), 458

Five Forces Model, 158, 159f

Fixed-position layout, 425

Flextime, 330, 335

• advantages/disadvantages of, 331, 331t

Focus, 164

Forcing, 254–255

Forecasting

• sales forecasts, 117–121

• types of, 117

Formal groups, 344

• acceptance stage, 348

• command groups, 345

• committees, 345–347

• communication and decision-making stage, 348

• example, 345f

• group control stage, 348

• group solidarity stage, 348

• stages of, 348–349

• task groups, 345

• work teams, 345, 348

Formal organizational communications, 283

• downward, 278

• lateral, 278

• listening, 281–282

• patterns of, 278

• promoting, 281

• serial transmission, 279

• upward, 278

Formal structure, 181

Franchising, 79

Functional authority, 205, 212

Functional similarity method, 200

• activities for, 200f