- Copyright
- National Improvements | Virtual Instrumentation Series
- Preface
- References
- Hardware and Software Requirements
- LabVIEW VI Libraries and Project and Problem Folders and Files
- Elementary Circuit Analysis for Analog Electronics
- Transistors and Voltage Amplification
- Characterization of MOS Transistors for Circuit Simulation
- Signal Conductance Parameters for Circuit Simulation
- Common-Source Amplifier Stage
- Coupling and Bypass Capacitors and Frequency Response
- MOSFET Source-Follower Buffer Stage
- MOSFET Differential Amplifier Stage
- DC (Bias) Circuit
- DC Imbalances
- Signal Voltage Gain of the Ideal Differential Amplifier Stage
- Effect of the Bias Resistor on Voltage Gain
- Differential Voltage Gain
- Common-Mode Voltage Gain
- Voltage Gains Including Transistor Output Resistance
- Body Effect and Voltage Gain
- Amplifier Gain with Differential and Common-Mode Inputs
- Comparison of Numerical Gain Results
- Summary of Equations
- Exercises and Projects
- MOSFET Current Sources
- Common-Source Amplifier with Current-Source Load
- Operational Amplifiers with Resistor Negative Feedback
- Operational Amplifier Applications with Capacitors
- Cascaded Amplifier Stages
- Combining NMOS and PMOS Circuits in Cascade
- Amplifier Gain of Differential Amplifier and Common-Source Stage in Cascade
- Stabilization of Signal Gain and Bias Current with a Source Resistor
- Common-Source Stage as a Series – Series Feedback Circuit
- Shunt – Series Cascade Amplifier
- Summary of Equations
- Development of a Basic CMOS Operational Amplifier
- Current-Source Bias for the Differential Amplifier Stage
- Current-Source Output Resistance and Common-Mode Gain
- Current-Source Load for the Common-Source Stage
- Current-Source Load for the Differential Stage
- Two-Stage Amplifier with Current-Source Biasing
- Output Buffer Stage
- Output Resistance of the Feedback Amplifier and Effect on Gain from Loading
- Output Circuit of the TS271 Opamp
- Summary of Equations
- Communicating with the Circuit Board: LabVIEW Programming and Measurement Exercises
- Characterization of the Bipolar Junction Transistor for Circuit Simulation
- Fundamentals of Bipolar Junction Transistor Action
- Base-Width Dependence on Junction Voltage
- BJT Base, Emitter, and Collector Currents in the Active Mode
- Diode-Connected Transistor Circuits for Measuring Base and Collector Current
- Output Characteristics of BJT in the Common-Emitter Mode
- SPICE Solution for IC versus VCE of the Measurement Circuit
- Collector-Emitter Voltage and Collector Current in the Saturation Region
- SPICE BJT βDC as a Function of Collector Current
- Signal or Incremental Common-Emitter Current Gain
- Summary of Equations
- Exercises and Projects
- Common-Emitter Amplifier Stage
- DC (Bias) Analysis
- Linear or Signal Model for the BJT
- Amplifier Voltage Gain
- Accuracy of Transistor Gain Measurements
- Effect of Finite Slope of the Transistor Output Characteristic
- Selection of Coupling Capacitors
- Common-Emitter Amplifier with Active Load
- Frequency Response of NPN – PNP Amplifier Due to the Base Shunt Capacitor
- Common-Emitter Stage with Emitter Resistor and the Emitter-Follower Amplifier Stage
- Summary of BJT Model Parameter Relations
- Summary of Circuit Equations
- Exercises and Projects
- Basic Circuit Analysis for Electronic Circuits and Programming Exercises
- Basic NMOS Common-Source Amplifier with Programming Exercises
- Characterization of the PMOS Transistor for Circuit Simulation
- Characterization of the NMOS Transistor for Circuit Simulation
- PMOS Common-Source Amplifier
- PMOS Common-Source Amplifier Stage with Current-Source Biasing
- NMOS Common-Source Amplifier Stage with Source-Resistor Bias
- NMOS Source-Follower Stage
- MOSFET Differential Amplifier Stage
- Current Mirror and Common-Source Amplifier with Current-Source Load
- Operational Amplifier with Resistor Feedback
- Operational Amplifier Integrator and Oscillator
- Communicating with the Circuit Board Using the DAQ
- Sending and Receiving Voltages with the Sending and Receiving VIs
- Sending and Receiving Voltages from the Front Panel
- Plotting Measured Samples
- Using the Autoranging Voltmeter
- Observing the Oscilloscope Output Graph
- Discrete Output Voltage from the DAQ
- Discrete Input Voltage from the Circuit Board
- Using the Simultaneous Sending/Receiving Function
- Characterization of the Bipolar Junction Transistor for Circuit Simulation
- NPN Common-Emitter Amplifier
- NPN – PNP Common-Emitter Amplifier with Current-Source Load
14.9. Summary of Equations
 | Bias equation for differential amplifier stage. |
 | Differential-stage common-mode gain equation for case of drain bias resistor, RD2. |
| CMRR = 1 + gm12rds11 | Common-mode rejection ratio for case of drain bias resistor, RD2. |
 | Bias equation for common-source stage. |
 | Common-source stage gain with current-source load. |
 | Amplifier gain for case of differential-stage drain bias resistor, RD2, and common-source stage gain with current-source load. |
 | Output resistance of differential stage with current-source load. |
 | Differential-stage gain with current-source load and external load resistor, RL. |
 | Relation to determine M3 gate width, W3. |
 | Precision relation to determine M3 gate width, RD2. |
 | Gain for two-stage amplifier, both stages with current-source loads. |
 | Gain of the source-follower stage for the case of load Rf + RG || RO (feedback resistors and external load, Ro). |
 | Output resistance of source-follower stage. |
 | Output resistance of resistance feedback amplifier |
 | TS271 output resistance, where gm2 is for the source-follower stage and avda is the gain of the differential amplifier stage. |
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