Capacity flexibility, 423

Capacity strategy, 423–424

Capital resources, 7–8

• angel investors and, 473

• social entrepreneurship, 477

• venture capitalists, 473–474

Careers

• decline stage, 15

• defined, 14

• development of, 16

• plateauing, 15

• stages of, 14, 14f, 15

Census Bureau, 14

Centralization, 208, 211–212, 214–215

Chain of command, 190

Change-related activities, 11

Chief ethics officer position, 40–41

• skills, 41f

Chief information officer (CIO), 403

Civil Rights Act, 225

Clan culture, 371, 373f

Clarifying job activities, 201

• management responsibility guide, 201

Classical approach to management

• comprehensive analysis of management, 446, 450–451

• limitations of, 451

• lower-level management analysis, 446–450

• model, 446f

Classical organizing theory, 178–179

Clean Air Act, 28, 157

Closed systems, 456

Coaching, 304–305, 305t

Code of ethics, 39, 40f

Codes of conduct, 370–371

Collectivism, 93

Command groups, 345

Commercial entrepreneurship, 475–477

Commitment principle, 154

Committees, 345

• decision-making, 346

• groupthink, 347

• manager use of, 346–347

• membership, 347

• people-oriented guidelines, 347

• procedural steps, 346

• representation, 346

• size of, 347

Communication

• barriers, 272–273

• challenge case, 266, 282–283

• defined, 270

• effectiveness, 275–276, 327–328

• feedback, 275–276

• importance of, 268

• interpersonal, 271–277

• listening, 281–282

• motivational, 327–328, 335

• organizational, 277–279

• See-Hear-Speak, 273

• successful, 271–272, 275

Communication microbarriers

• decoder/destination, 274

• foreign languages, 272–273

• information complexity, 272

• information needs, 272

• message interference, 273

• multimeaning words, 274

• new concepts, 273

• perception, 274

• source/encoder, 273

Community area (social audit), 33

Competing Values Framework, 371

• model, 371f

Competitive dynamics, 167–168

• model, 168f

Competitor awareness, 168

Competitor capability, 168

Competitor motivation, 168

Comprehensive analysis of management, 446, 450–451

Compromising, 253

Computer graphics, 437

Computer-aided design (CAD), 437

Computer-aided engineering (CAE), 437

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), 437

Conceptual skills, 10

Conflict management

• avoiding, 254

• compromising, 253

• defined, 253

• forcing, 254–255

• resolving, 255

• techniques, 254f

• win-win, 255

Consensus, 135

Consideration behavior, 293

Consumer Products Safety Act, 157

Content theory of motivation, 320

• Alderfer’s ERG theory, 323–324

• Argyris’s maturity-immaturity continuum, 323, 325–326

• human needs, 323

• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 323–324

• McClelland’s acquired needs theory, 323, 326

Contingency approach to management, 455

Contingency theory of leadership

• leader-member relations, 296, 298

• octants, 297, 297t

• position power, 296–298

• task structure, 296–297

Continuous process, 425

Control tools, 432

• break-even analysis, 434–436

• computer-aided design (CAD), 437

• computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), 437

• decision tree analysis, 436

• inspection, 433

• management by exception, 433

• management by objectives (MBO), 434

• process control, 436

• values analysis, 436–437

Controlling function, 5–6, 6f

• authority, 396, 398

• challenge case, 391, 408–409

• components, 393f

• corrective action, 395

• defined, 392

• measuring performance, 392–393

• power, 396–398

• process, 392, 394f

• standards, 393–395

• successful, 398

Coordination, 181

• defined, 180

• Follett’s guidelines on, 180

Corporate citizens, 25–26

Corporate culture. See Organizational culture

Corporate entrepreneurship, 474

• domain definition, 475

• organizational rejuvenation, 475

• strategic renewal, 475

• sustained regeneration, 475

Corporate social responsibility, 25–26

• arguments for/against, 27

• challenge case, 25, 43

• corporate philosophy, 29

• decision-making, 32

• decision-making flowchart, 31f

• environmental standards, 28

• federal agencies, 28t

• involvement level, 28–29

• legal requirements, 28

• meeting obligations, 31

• organizational objectives, 113

• philanthropy, 33–34

• social audits, 32

• stakeholders, 34

• standards, 395

• voluntary activities, 28

Corrective action

• recognizing problems, 395

• recognizing symptoms, 396

Cost control, 429

Cost leadership, 164

Creative people, 490, 490f

Creative thinking, 487

Creativity

• autonomy, 488

• challenging workers, 488

• components, 487f

• creative employees, 490

• defined, 486

• diversity, 489

• encouraging, 490

• expertise, 486–487

• increasing, 488

• individuals, in, 486–487

• innovation, 491

• motivation and, 487–488

• systems support, 490

• time pressures, 488–489, 489f

Critical question analysis, 160–161

Cross-cultural training, 10

Cross-functional teams, 354

Crowdfunding, 459, 474

Cultural artifacts, 378

Culture, 92

• collectivism, 93

• individualism, 93

• leadership, 294

• masculinity-femininity values, 93

• power distance, 93

• short term/long term orientation, 93

• uncertainty avoidance, 93

Culture-specific approach to pluralism, 65–66

Customer dimension of organization culture, 377–378

Customer service, 368, 383

• continual quality improvement, 418–419

• organizational objectives, 113