Contents
Introduction.......................... ix
Chapter 1 PolygonalSystemBasics.................1
Customization......................... 1
Layouts............................ 2
3DPolygonalSurface..................... 3
Space............................. 4
Axis.............................. 5
PolygonalStructure...................... 6
PolygonalAttributes...................... 6
Name.......................... 6
Display......................... 7
Selecting........................... 8
ColorsandShading...................... 8
Normals ........................... 9
PolygonalCreation ..................... 10
OperationalTools...................... 12
Extrusion........................ 12
Lathe ......................... 12
Loft .......................... 13
DistributionOveraSurface ................. 14
BooleanOperations..................... 15
Pass-ThroughMode..................... 16
GlobalDeformations .................... 17
Lattice......................... 17
Twist.......................... 18
Bend.......................... 19
PolygonReduction...................... 20
OrganizationalTools..................... 22
HideandFreeze.................... 22
Layers......................... 22
Conclusion ......................... 22
iii
Chapter 2 PolygonOperations...................23
CuttingPolygons....................... 25
Extruding .......................... 26
Chamfer/Bevel ....................... 29
AttachandDetach...................... 31
Welding........................... 32
DuplicateandMirror..................... 34
PivotPoint.......................... 35
Holes............................ 36
SmoothingaMeshwithaHole.............36
SoftSelection ........................ 39
MeshErrors......................... 40
Chapter 3 PolygonSubdivision...................43
PolygonSubdivisionTheory .................43
Chaikin’s Algorithms for Curves (1974) .........44
Doo-Sabin Surfaces (1978)...............46
Catmull-Clark Subdivision (1978) ...........46
Loop Subdivision (1987) ................50
Butterfly Subdivision (1990)...............52
Kobbelt Subdivision (1996) ...............53
Continuity.......................... 54
SubdivisionandWireTension ................ 55
StartingfromaPrimitive...................57
GivingIttheShapeYouWant ................59
EdgeFlow....................... 59
EdgeLoop....................... 60
SubdivisionandIterations.................. 60
InorganicModeling..................... 61
SoftEdges....................... 61
Bump......................... 65
CircularDepression .................. 67
Cracks......................... 69
BodyCracks...................... 71
Thickness ....................... 72
HolesinCurvedSurfaces................75
AdvancedTechniques .................... 78
UnmatchedVertices .................. 78
90DegreeCut..................... 79
HowtoFixBooleanbeforeSubdivision............80
Chapter 4 VisualReferences....................83
WhyWeNeedReferences.................. 83
HowtoCreateReferences..................83
Contents
iv
ProjectingComplexForms...............85
AdditionalReferences.................... 85
Blocking........................... 86
Chapter 5 HumanProject:MaleHead...............87
TheHead.......................... 87
TheMaleHeadShape.................... 88
TheEar........................... 98
FinalWordsabouttheMaleHead .............107
Chapter 6 HumanProject:MaleBody..............111
TorsoandLimbs...................... 111
Hands........................... 124
TheFoot.......................... 138
PuttingItAllTogether.................... 142
Chapter 7 HumanProject:FemaleHead.............153
TheFemaleHeadShape.................. 153
TheEar........................... 167
Chapter 8 HumanProject:FemaleBody.............175
TorsoandLimbs...................... 175
TheHand ......................... 186
TheFoot.......................... 195
PuttingItAllTogether.................... 199
Chapter 9 HumanProject:AnatomyDetails...........205
Teeth............................ 205
TheEye .......................... 215
CartoonEyeballModeling ..............215
RealisticEyeballModeling...............216
TheEyelashes ....................... 219
Chapter 10 OgreHead.......................223
CreatinganOgreHead .................. 223
IntroductiontoDisplacement................ 235
Chapter 11 IntroductiontoZBrush.................241
WhatZBrushIs....................... 241
WorkingontheZBrushCanvas...............242
Importing ......................... 244
GeneralManipulationTools ................ 245
Move......................... 246
Scale......................... 247
Zadd......................... 247
Contents
v
Zsub......................... 248
FocalShift ...................... 249
GeometrySubdivision................. 250
Hide/Unhide..................... 251
Mask......................... 253
BasicTransformTools.................... 254
Standard(Std) .................... 254
StandardDot(StdDot) ................255
Inflat......................... 255
InflatDot....................... 255
Nudge........................ 255
Morph........................ 256
Layer......................... 257
Pinch......................... 257
Smooth........................ 258
EditCurves...................... 258
Symmetry....................... 260
ProjectionMaster...................... 260
2D and 2.5D Tools to Use with Projection Master . . . 261
UVandDisplacementMapSettings.............264
GrabbingandExportingDisplacementMaps.....265
ModelingwithZSpheres ..................266
MultiMarkers........................ 270
UnifiedSkin ........................ 272
NewinZBrush3...................... 272
Brushes........................ 272
LazyMouse...................... 274
SubTool........................ 274
HDGeometry..................... 274
Posing/Moving/Rotating/Scaling ...........275
MeshExtraction.................... 276
Topology....................... 276
ZBrushSculptingWorkflow................. 277
UsefulLinksforZBrush................... 278
ShortcutstoRemember................... 278
Chapter 12 CartoonModeling...................279
SubdivisionAppliedtoCartoonModeling..........279
Exercise:CartoonHead1.................. 283
Exercise:CartoonBody1.................. 295
Exercise:CartoonHand1 ................. 300
Exercise:CartoonHead2.................. 302
Exercise:CartoonBody2.................. 311
Contents
vi
Chapter 13 ModelingforGames..................323
TriangleStripsandGouraudShading............324
TheTrianglesDeterminetheShading.........326
ContinuityforGames.................... 330
WhyAutomaticReductionDoesn’tWork...........331
MeshResolution...................... 331
Controlling the Poly Count ................. 332
GeneralTips........................ 332
Limbs......................... 332
Folds......................... 332
ObjectsFloatingalongaSurface...........333
HolesontheMesh.................. 333
Objects........................ 333
Levels......................... 335
FinalTips....................... 335
Conclusion......................... 337
Appendix A 3ds Max Polygonal Modeling Quick Start Guide . . . 339
Appendix B MayaPolygonalModelingQuickStartGuide ....367
Glossary.......................... 391
Bibliography........................ 407
Index............................ 409
Contents
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