Contents

Foreword

Preface

Editors

Contributors

SECTION I

Nano-CMOS Modeling

Chapter 1    Validation of Nano-CMOS Predictive Technology Model Tool on NanoHUB.org

Alejandro Rodriguez and Hasina F. Huq

Chapter 2    Comparative Analysis of Mobility and Dopant Number Fluctuation Models for the Threshold Voltage Fluctuation Estimation in 45 nm Channel Length MOSFET Device

Nabil Ashraf, Dragica Vasileska, Gilson Wirth, and Purushothaman Srinivasan

Chapter 3    Impact of Random Interface Traps on Asymmetric Characteristic Fluctuation of 16-nm-Gate MOSFET Devices

Yiming Li

SECTION II

Nano-CMOS Technology

Chapter 4    Bottom-Up Approaches for CMOS Scaling in the Nanoscale Era

Mrunal A. Khaderbad and V. Ramgopal Rao

Chapter 5    Study of Lanthanum Incorporated HfO₂ Nanoscale Film Deposited as an MOS Device Structure Using a Dense Plasma Focus Device

A. Srivastava and Y. Malhotra

Chapter 6    Low-Power Reliable Nano Adders

Azam Beg, Mawahib Hussein Sulieman, Valeriu Beiu, and Walid Ibrahim

SECTION III

Nano Capacitors

Chapter 7    Package-Compatible High-Density Nano-Scale Capacitors with Conformal Nano-Dielectrics

Himani Sharma, P. Markondeya Raj, Parthasarathi Chakraborti, Yushu Wang, and Rao Tummala

Chapter 8  Modified Carbon Nanostructures for Display and Energy Storage

Sivaram Arepalli

Chapter 9    Production and Characterization of Nanoparticle Dispersions of Organic Semiconductors for Potential Applications in Organic Electronics

Muhammad Hassan Sayyad, Fazal Wahab, Munawar Ali Munawar, Muhammad Shahid, Jamil Anwar Chaudry, Khaulah Sulaiman, Zubair Ahmad, and Abdullah Mohamed Asiri

Chapter 10  Investigation of Charge Accumulation in Si₃N₄/SiO₂ Dielectric Stacks for Electrostatically Actuated NEMS/MEMS Reliability

Gang Li, Ulrik Hanke, and Xuyuan Chen

SECTION IV

Terahertz Systems and Devices

Chapter 11  Nano Antennas for Energy Conversion

Mario Bareiß, Andreas Hochmeister, Gunther Jegert, Gregor Koblmüller, Ute Zschieschang, Hagen Klauk, Bernhard Fabel, Giuseppe Scarpa, Wolfgang Porod, and Paolo Lugli

Chapter 12  Ballistic Transistor Logic for Circuit Applications

David Wolpert and Paul Ampadu

SECTION V

Single-Electron Transistors and Electron Tunneling Devices

Chapter 13  Simultaneously Controlled Tuning of Tunneling Properties of Integrated Nanogaps Using Field-Emission-Induced Electromigration

Mitsuki Ito, Shunsuke Akimoto, Ryutaro Suda, and Jun-Ichi Shirakashi

Chapter 14  High-Resistive Tunnel Junctions for Room-Temperature-Operating Single- Electron Transistors Fabricated Using Chemical Oxidation of Tungsten Nanoparticles

P. Santosh Kumar Karre, Daw Don Cheam, Manoranjan Acharya, and Paul L. Bergstrom

Chapter 15  Axon-Inspired Communication Systems

Valeriu Beiu, Liren Zhang, Azam Beg, Walid Ibrahim, and Mihai Tache

Chapter 16  Electromechanical Modeling of GNP Nanocomposites for Integrated Stress Monitoring of Electronic Devices

Alessandro Giuseppe D’Aloia, Alessio Tamburrano, Giovanni De Bellis, Jacopo Tirillò, Fabrizio Sarasini, and Maria Sabrina Sarto

SECTION VI

Quantum Cellular Automata

Chapter 17  An HDL Model of Magnetic Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Devices and Circuits

Marco Ottavi, Salvatore Pontarelli, Adelio Salsano, and Fabrizio Lombardi

Chapter 18  Restoring Divider Design for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Seong-Wan Kim and Earl E. Swartzlander, Jr.

Chapter 19  LINA-QCA: Theory, Design, and Viable Implementation Strategies

Loyd R. Hook IV and Samuel C. Lee

Chapter 20  Minimal Majority Gate Mapping of Four-Variable Functions for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Peng Wang, Mohammed Niamat, and Srinivasa Vemuru

SECTION VII

Memristors, Resistive Switches, and Memory

Chapter 21  Nanodevices: Describing Function and Liénard Equation

Alberto Delgado

Chapter 22  Sensing and Writing Operations of Nano-Crossbar Memory Arrays

An Chen

Chapter 23  Modeling of Complementary Resistive Switches

E. Linn, S. Menzel, R. Rosezin, U. Böttger, R. Bruchhaus, and R. Waser

Chapter 24  Hybrid Design of a Memory Cell Using a Memristor and Ambipolar Transistors

Pilin Junsangsri and Fabrizio Lombardi

Chapter 25  Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity Using Memristors and Nano-Crystalline Silicon TFT Memories

Kurtis D. Cantley, Anand Subramaniam, and Eric M. Vogel

Chapter 26  Thermally Actuated Nanoelectromechanical Memory: A New Memory Concept for Spacecraft Application

Elham Maghsoudi and Michael James Martin

SECTION VIII

Graphene Preparation and Properties

Chapter 27  Low-Stress Transfer of Graphene and Its Tunable Resistance by Remote Plasma Treatments in Hydrogen

Waileong Chen, Chia-Hao Tu, Keng-Chih Liang, Chih-Yi Liu, Chuan-Pu Liu, and Yonhua Tzeng

Chapter 28  High-Yield Dielectrophoretic Deposition and Ion Sensitivity of Graphene

Pengfei Li, Nan Lei, Jie Xu, and Wei Xue

Chapter 29  Multilayer Graphene Grid and Nanowire Fabrication and Printing

Masudur Rahman and Michael L. Norton

SECTION IX

Graphene Devices

Chapter 30  Nanotransistors Using Graphene Interfaced with Advanced Dielectrics for High-Speed Communication

Osama M. Nayfeh, Ki Kang Kim, and Jing Kong

Chapter 31  Graphene-on-Diamond Devices and Interconnects: Carbon sp²-on-sp³ Technology

Jie Yu, Guanxiong Liu, Alexander A. Balandin, and Anirudha V. Sumant

Chapter 32  Graphene Band Gap Modification via Functionalization with Metal-Bis-Arene Molecules

Paul Plachinda, David R. Evans, and Raj Solanki

SECTION X

Carbon Nanotube Applications

Chapter 33  Integrating Low-Temperature Carbon Nanotubes as Vertical Interconnects in Si Technology

Sten Vollebregt, Ryoichi Ishihara, Jaber Derakhshandeh, Johan van der Cingel, Hugo Schellevis, and C. I. M. Beenakker

Chapter 34  Readout Circuit Design for MWCNT Infrared Sensors

Liangliang Chen, Ning Xi, Hongzhi Chen, and King Wai Chiu Lai

Chapter 35  Use of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes for Electrochemical Double- Layer Capacitors

Adrianus I. Aria, Mélanie Guittet, and Morteza Gharib

Chapter 36  Spray Deposition of Carbon Nanotube Thin Films

Alaa Abdellah, Paolo Lugli, and Giuseppe Scarpa

Chapter 37  Electrical Control of Synthesis Conditions for Locally Grown CNTs on a Polysilicon Microstructure

Knut E. Aasmundtveit, Bao Quoc Ta, Nils Hoivik, and Einar Halvorsen

SECTION XI

Carbon Nanotube Transistor Modeling

Chapter 38  A Qualitative Comparison of Energy Band Gap Equations with a Focus on Temperature and Its Effect on CNTFETs

Jesus Torres and Hasina F. Huq

Chapter 39  Real-Time Quantum Simulation of Terahertz Response in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube

Zuojing Chen, Eric Polizzi, and Sigfrid Yngvesson

SECTION XII

Carbon Nanotube Transistor Fabrication

Chapter 40  Fabrication of Stable n-Type Thin-Film Transistor with Cs Encapsulated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Toshiaki Kato, Rikizo Hatakeyama, and Yosuke Osanai

Chapter 41  Printing Technology and Advantage of Purified Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes for Thin Film Transistors

Hideaki Numata, Kazuki Ihara, Takeshi Saito, and Fumiyuki Nihey

SECTION XIII

Random CNT Network Transistors

Chapter 42  Solution-Processed Random Carbon Nanotube Networks Used in a Thin-Film Transistor

Qingqing Gong, Edgar Albert, Bernhard Fabel, Alaa Abdellah, Paolo Lugli, Giuseppe Scarpa, and Mary B. Chan-Park

Chapter 43  Analysis of Yield Improvement Techniques for CNFET-Based Logic Gates

Rehman Ashraf, Malgorzata Chrzanowska-Jeske, and Siva G. Narendra

Chapter 44  Low-Power and Metallic-CNT-Tolerant CNTFET SRAM Design

Zhe Zhang and José G. Delgado-Frias

SECTION XIV

Nano-Redundant Systems

Chapter 45  Optimized Built-In Self-Test Technique for CAEN-Based Nanofabric Systems

Maciej Zawodniok and Sambhav Kundaikar

Chapter 46  Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Architecture for Unreliable Device Technologies

Nivard Aymerich, Sorin Cotofana, and Antonio Rubio

SECTION XV

Nanowire Fabrication

Chapter 47  Growth and Characterization of GaAs Nanowires Grown on Si Substrates

Jung-Hyun Kang, Qiang Gao, Hark Hoe Tan, Hannah J. Joyce, Yong Kim, Yanan Guo, Hongyi Xu, Jin Zou, Melodie A. Fickenscher, Leigh M. Smith, Howard E. Jackson, Jan M. Yarrison-Rice, and Chennupati Jagadish

Chapter 48  Synthesis and Characterization of n- and p-Doped Tin Oxide Nanowires for Gas Sensing Applications

Hoang A. Tran and Shankar B. Rananavare

Chapter 49  Cu Silicide Nanowires: Fabrication, Characterization, and Application to Li-Ion Batteries

Poh Keong Ng, Reza Shahbazian-Yassar, and Carmen Maria Lilley

Chapter 50  High-Aspect-Ratio Metallic Nanowires by Pulsed Electrodeposition

Matthias Graf, Alexander Eychmüller, and Klaus-Jürgen Wolter

SECTION XVI

Nanowire Applications

Chapter 51  Zinc Oxide Nanowires for Biosensing Applications

Anurag Gupta, Bruce C. Kim, Dawen Li, Eugene Edwards, Christina Brantley, and Paul Ruffin

Chapter 52  Aqueous Synthesis of n-/p-type ZnO Nanorods on Porous Silicon for the Application of p–n Junction Device

Eunkyung Park, Jungwoo Lee, Taehee Park, Jongtaek Lee, Donghwan Lee, and Whikun Yi

Chapter 53  High Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) as an Analytical Tool Using Silver Nanoparticles on GaN Nanowires

Nitzan Dar, Wen-Jing Wang, Kuo-Hao Lee, Yung-Tang Nien, and In-Gann Chen

SECTION XVII

Nanowire Transistors

Chapter 54  High-Speed and Transparent Nanocrystalline ZnO Thin Film Transistors

Burhan Bayraktaroglu and Kevin Leedy

Chapter 55  First-Principle Study of Energy-Band Control by Cross-Sectional Morphology in [110]-Si Nanowires

Shinya Kyogoku, Jun-Ichi Iwata, and Atsushi Oshiyama

Chapter 56  Interplay of Self-Heating and Short-Range Coulomb Interactions due to Traps in a 10 nm Channel Length Nanowire Transistor

Arif Hossain, Dragica Vasileska, Katerina Raleva, and Stephen M. Goodnick

Chapter 57  Impact of Phonon Scattering in an Si GAA Nanowire FET with a Single Donor in the Channel

Antonio Martinez, Manuel Aldegunde, and Karol Kalna

Chapter 58  Modeling and Minimizing Variations of Gate-All-Around Multiple-Channel Nanowire TFTs

Po-Chun Huang, Lu-An Chen, C. C. Chen, and Jeng-Tzong Sheu

Chapter 59  Characterization of Gate-All-Around Si-Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor: Extraction of Series Resistance and Capacitance–Voltage Behavior

Yoon-Ha Jeong, Sang-Hyun Lee, Ye-Ram Kim, Rock-Hyun Baek, Dong-Won Kim, Jeong-Soo Lee, and Dae Mann Kim

SECTION XVIII

Nanomagnetic Logic

Chapter 60  Nonvolatile Logic-in-Memory Architecture: An Integration between Nanomagnetic Logic and Magnetoresistive RAM

Jayita Das, Syed M. Alam, and Sanjukta Bhanja

Chapter 61  Implementation of a Nanomagnet Full Adder Circuit

Edit Varga, György Csaba, G. H. Bernstein, and Wolfgang Porod

Chapter 62  Investigations on Nanomagnetic Logic by Experiment-Based Compact Modeling

Stephan Breitkreutz, Josef Kiermaier, Irina Eichwald, Xueming Ju, György Csaba, Doris Schmitt-Landsiedel, and Markus Becherer

Chapter 63  Parallel Energy Minimizing Computation via Dipolar Coupled Single Domain Nanomagnets

Javier Pulecio, Sanjukta Bhanja, and Sudeep Sarkar

SECTION XIX

Spintronics

Chapter 64  On Physical Limits and Challenges of Graphene Nanoribbons as Interconnects for All-Spin Logic

Shaloo Rakheja and Azad Naeemi

Chapter 65  Influence of Impurity and Dangling Bond Scattering on the Conductance Anomalies of Side-Gated Quantum Point Contacts

J. Wan, J. Charles, M. Cahay, P. P. Das, N. Bhandari, and R. S. Newrock

Chapter 66  Electric Field-Controlled Spin Interactions in Quantum Dot Molecules

Kushal C. Wijesundara and Eric A. Stinaff

Chapter 67  Material Issues for Efficient Spin-Transfer Torque RAMs

Kamaram Munira, William A. Soffa, and Avik W. Ghosh

SECTION XX

Nanodevice Modeling

Chapter 68  Atomic-Scale Modeling of Nanoscale Devices

Anders Blom and Kurt Stokbro

Index