BASIC CURVES

  • A line rises through (0, b).

    y = mx + b

  • A parabola opens upward with an axis of symmetry at x = negative b over 2 ay.

    y = ax2 + bx + c(a > 0)

  • A parabola opens downward with an axis of symmetry at x = negative b over 2 ay.

    y = ax2 + bx + c(a < 0)

  • A circle is centered at (0, 0).

    x2 + y2 = a2

  • A rightward opening parabola has a vertex at (0, 0).

    y2 = 4px(p > 0)

  • A parabola opens upward with a vertex at (0, 0).

    x2 = 4py(p > 0)

  • A horizontal ellipse centered at (0, 0) has a major axis along the x-axis.

    x2a2 + y2b2 = 1

  • A vertical ellipse centered at (0, 0) has a major axis along the y-axis.

    y2a2 + x2b2 = 1

  • A horizontal hyperbola centered at (0, 0) has vertices on the negative x-axis and positive x-axis.

    x2a2 − y2b2 = 1

  • A vertical hyperbola centered at (0, 0) has vertices on the negative y-axis and positive y-axis.

    y2a2 − x2b2 = 1

  • The graph is 2 curves. One curve falls from the x-axis, approaching the y-axis. Another falls from the y-axis, approaching the x-axis.

    xy = a(a > 0)

  • A curve begins at (0, 0), rising with decreasing steepness.

    y = ax(a > 0)

  • A curve rises with decreasing steepness, inflects at (0, 0), then rises with increasing steepness.

    y = ax3(a > 0)

  • A parabola opens upward with a vertex at (0, 0).

    y = ax4(a > 0)

  • A curve rises from the x-axis and through (0, 1) with increasing steepness.

    y = bx(b > 1)

  • A curve falls through (0, 1), approaching the x-axis with decreasing steepness.

    y = b − x(b > 1)

  • A curve rises from the y-axis and through (1, 0) with decreasing steepness.

    y = logb x

  • A curve oscillates about y = 0 with a zero at (negative c over b, 0).

    y = a sin(bx + c)(a > 0 , c > 0)

  • A curve oscillates about y = 0 with a maximum at x = negative c over b.

    y = a cos(bx + c)(a > 0 , c > 0)

  • The graph is periodic about the x-axis. Three curves rise with decreasing steepness, inflect on the x-axis, then rise with increasing steepness.

    y = a tan x(a > 0)

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